Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking. Answer: Presentation Consumption can be characterized as a characteristic procedure with the assistance of which refined metal is changed over into all the more artificially stable structure, for example, its sulfide, hydroxide or oxide (Talbot, 2018). It is the moderate obliteration of materials which are generally metals by electrochemical and/or substance response inside their condition. Materials other than metals, for example, polymers or pottery additionally experience the ill effects of consumption, be that as it may, the term debasement is all the more generally utilized in this specific circumstance. The significant properties of materials and structures are debased because of consumption including the appearance, quality and penetrability to gases and fluids. Passivation is gainful in the moderation of erosion harm. The impediment of passivating film framing capacity can even prompt the consumption of top notch compound. Right evaluation of material is required to be chosen for the specific con dition so as to guarantee the dependable execution of such gathering of materials. In the event that the latent film experiences a breakdown because of mechanical or substance factors, the resultant methods of consumption may incorporate hole erosion, pitting consumption and stress erosion splitting. The focal point of this report is on smelling salts pressure erosion splitting. Stress erosion splitting (SCC) can be divided as the development of break arrangement in a destructive domain (Cunningham, Bottleberghe Greene, 2017). The defensive oxide layer is now and again destabilized by the destructive condition under distinct conditions without causing general erosion. The renewal of oxide is forestalled after a break because of destabilization. Bendable metals that are dependent upon a malleable pressure have odds of confronting a startling abrupt disappointment explicitly at raised temperature. Stress erosion breaking is brought about by the synthetic condition which is just somewhat destructive to metal (Cheng, 2013). Splendor is seen in metals with faces serious pressure consumption breaking while they are loaded up with splits that are tiny. This is the most widely recognized factor because of which the pressure consumption breaking goes undetected before its disappointment. Stresses can likewise be the result of fissure loads in light of pressure focus or can be prompted by leftover burdens or kind of gathering. Smelling salts pressure destructive splitting is a type of SCC that happens in metal cylinders in cooling water administration which has been polluted by alkali because of organic developments or some other tainting. The event of this breaking can likewise be the result of purposeful expansion of smelling salts as a neutralizer to the procedure streams by somebody who doesn't know its effect on the metal cylinders. Fragile break is experienced on twisting by the metal condenser tubes on the nearness of huge alkali stress consumption splitting (Raja Shoji, 2011). Carbon steel hardware are likewise influenced by the smelling salts pressure erosion breaking however not at all like the instrument of splitting on metal which happens in a fluid arrangement, take gear breaking happens in an anhydrous alkali. As such, the nearness of fluid alkali in oxygen can bring about pressure erosion splitting in carbon prepares (Shi, et. al., 2015). With the expansion in the yield quality of the plate material, nearby hardness of the welds and expanded quality of welds, the likely issue of pressure consumption breaking is likewise expanded. Weakness to this issue is additionally looked by the frameworks that are defiled with oxygen/air. Be that as it may, cupro-nickel compounds are not seen as defenseless against smelling salts pressure erosion breaking (McDougal Stevenson, 2005). During the typical activities, the applied feelings of anxiety are not high as required to start cracking.The use of swirl current, for example, whirlpool current cluster or beat vortex current testing is viewed as probably the best procedure with the end goal of assessment of smelling salts pressure erosion splitting in metal cylinders. With explicit reference to 18Cr-8Ni prepares, the attributes of pressure consumption splitting gives that vulnerability is found in compound to transgranular stress erosion breaking when there is probability of an inactive/dynamic progress or when an honorable surface is created by the reactions in combination surface which might be metal or oxide, co-planar varieties of separations are displayed by the composite or high work-solidifying rate is shown by the amalgam, explicit electrochemical responses are there (which are viewed as the chlorides visit infiltration of uninvolved movies) (Kim, Kwon, Kim, Hwang Kim, 2011). Instrument of Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking The proposition of different instruments has been made to clarify the synergistic pressure consumption cooperations the event of which is found at the break tip. Stress erosion splitting is relied upon to be caused because of more than on process. The components have been grouped into two principle classes to be specific cathodic instruments and anodic systems. The event of both cathodic and anodic responses is an unquestionable requirement during erosion. This implies the marvel bringing about break spread might be connected with either structure (Parkins, 2011). In combinations, the system of anodic disintegration identified with pressure erosion splitting is because of the explanation of heterogeneity in encourages circulation with various electrochemical anodicity related with compound grid. At that point there is a quick disintegration of the anodic encourages which further outcomes in the augmentation of intergranular break until there is the event of re-passivation (Newman, 2002). Straightforward dynamic disintegration and end of material from the break tip is the most widely recognized anodic instrument (Javidi Horeh, 2014). Then again, the most widely recognized cathodic component is ingestion, hydrogen advancement, embrittlement and dissemination. The Crack-Propagation Mechanisms expect that the event of the breakage in interatomic obligations of split tip is the aftereffect of either mechanical crack (fragile or malleable) or compound solvation and disintegration. Typical break forms are remembered for the mechanical crack that is relied upon to be initiated or animated by any of the accompanying cooperations among condition and material. Surface responses Surface movies Retention of biological species Reactions in metal in front of break tip All the mechanical breaks that have been proposed are found to contain a portion of these procedures as a significant advance during the time spent pressure consumption splitting. Surface assimilation instrument proposes that the ingestion of dynamic surface parts on the hard surface can in this way bring about decreasing the twisting obstruction and quality of solids. In this system, the interatomic bonds are debilitated by the consumed species at the split tips along these lines coming about in either the advancement of development in breaks by decohesion or the help of outflow of disengagements and nucleation. The upgrade disengagement emanation further prompts the advancement of joining of the split tip. Subsequently, intergranular break or fragile cleavages are delivered. This is like hydrogen embrittlement yet constrained to a surface one with the end goal that impact can be created by components other than hydrogen (Marcus, 2011). It is accepted that two various instruments cause the event of stress consumption splitting. These are the hydrogen embrittlement and dynamic way erosion. It is discovered that the splitting in dynamic way consumption structure is brought about by nearby erosion of break tip. It further continues on its electrochemically dynamic path as for encompassing metal. Splitting in hydrogen embrittlement component is seen as brought about by passage of hydrogen into metal which thusly brings about decreasing the distort capacity (Chene, 2016). Due to the non-thought of hydrogen embrittlement as an erosion procedure, in this manner, the splitting that outcomes because of this system is regularly prohibited from the pressure consumption breaking (Eliaz, Shachar, Tal Eliezer, 2002). Influenced Materials and Equipment Stress erosion breaking is endured by certain aluminum amalgams and austenitic prepares in the presence of chlorides, copper composites and nitrates within the sight of ammoniacal arrangements and mid steel in the presence of salt (Brandl, Malke, Beck, Wanner Hack, 2009). In this way, the convenience of austenitic treated steel is constrained to containing water with more than little ppm substance of chlorides at temperature that is more noteworthy than 50C (Li, Chu, Wang Qiao, 2003). Auxiliary prepares that are exceptionally ductile should break in an out of the blue fragile path in the whole assortment of watery situations, explicitly within the sight of chlorides. The subcritical split development is shown for example the spread of little surface imperfections under break mechanics predicts that there ought to be no event of disappointment. Natural pressure breaking which is a comparable procedure is found to happen in polymers when presentation is looked by the items to forceful synthetic substances or explicit solvents, for example, soluble bases and acids. Like the instance of metals, the assault is constrained to the specific synthetic compounds and polymers. Affectability is looked by the polymers to ecological pressure breaking where there is no obligatory concoction corruption of materials by the assaulting operators. Affectability to debasement by acids is looked by Nylon which is viewed as a procedure named as hydrolysis. At the point when solid acids assault nylon moldings, it brings about serious breaking. Elastomers additionally experience the ill effects of the development of splits by ozone assault which is an alternate type of pressure consumption splitting in polymers. Twofold security are assaulted in the elastic chain with styrene-butadiene elastic, normal elastic and nitrate butadiene elastic because of the little amount of gas in air as they are viewed as generally delicate to corruption. Criti

High School

I was conceived on 1998/7/5, in shanghai, china. multi month I figured out how to walk. 3 years of age my first day of kindergarten. I cried however I additionally met a ton of cool children. I figured out how to peruse. 4 years of age I began to move and I love moving. 7 years of age I went to grade school and I was energizing. I played violin for one year and afterward I quit. 9 years of age lost my first tooth, i'm terrified. 10 years of age I got a first C in my life. rode my bike. 12 years of age I went to a decent center school, and a great many people are generally excellent at study. I felt i'm so desolate and tired.But following fourteen days, I made a great deal of companions and I love my life in my secondary school. my feet hurt, my PCP revealed to me that I can't move any longer, play any spots or P. E. class. 13 years of age I moved to america since I got an awful score in my center school. my folks imagine that I can't get into a decent secondary school in china. most my cohorts cried, I cried. I truly missed them went I originally came to here. be that as it may, following hardly any days, I balanced my new life and I like my new school taylor center school. be that as it may, I despite everything miss my relatives in shanghai and my companions. I despite everything get in touch with them. likewise took a great deal of classes after school to improve my english. 14 years of age I turned into an eighth grader, I felt i'm so experienced. I took in a great deal from this year. I began to play guitar. 15 years of age I went to mils secondary school. I got a passing mark. 19 years of age I went to UC berkeley. I met my sweetheart. made some great memories in UC berkely. 24 years of age moved on from UC berkeley, turned into a decent analyst. 26 years of age I got hitched, have a decent life. 27 years of age got a great deal of cash and had my first youngster. 32 years of age got my subsequent kid. 70 years of age I got stomach disease. 82 years of ag e I kicked the bucket from gastric malignancy, I gave my organs.

Get Paid to Write Essays

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Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1658 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ethics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Criminal Justice Essay Did you like this example? Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis The model of due process meet ups the criterion for ethical and professional standards that are in the criminal justice system. The model departs to demonstrate that individuals in the criminal justice system are themselves conducting in an ethical and professional manner that sustain the rights of all persons concerned from prisoners to co-workers in the criminal justice system. Model of Due process is a kind of system of justice which is founded on the belief that a inhabitant has a few complete rights and cannot be dispossessed of liberty of life or property devoid of proper legal safeguards and procedures. The due process in general needs justice in proceedings of government In instance an individual that is indicted with an offense has the right to advocate, right to a quick trial and to be heard and represented by an legal representative even though they cannot pay for one (USLegal (2001-2015)). Model of Crime control stress on reducing the crime in society in the course of enlarged prosecutorial and police powers, and the model of due process spotlights on personal and rights and liberties it is related with restricting the government powers (Uslegal: (2001-2015)). The model of crime control pursues a few of the similar features as the due process however does take an additional straight line to the process. Crime control tackles with additional organizational management and with the management of the acts of how the employees of the precise group similar to law enforcement. Law enforcement even though they are on or off duty they have got held a great deal superior standard as against others that do not seize that sort of position. For instance law enforcement officers are needed to endure background checks, drug screening, tests of physical abilities, and mental screening. Ethics and Professional behavior is a significant feature as the criminal justices administration is seized to precise standards in the ways how they behave in the direction of others in and out of the eyes of public. Criminal justice administration is position to the test on a daily basis when dealing with the public and personnel. Police officers have to enclose and exhibit good ethics and to utilize professional behavior always. The public perceives law enforcement as something that is there to aid them when urgent help is required in the communities. There are criminal justice system members that are in command of creating the tough and critical decisions every day who are taking the orders similar to law enforcement officers that have an effect on persons lives. Critical thinking skills are significant when it approaches to constructing decisions in an ethical and professional manner. A lot of features of the criminal justice system depend on skills of critical thinking with which they employ on everyday basis since their lives may depend on it. Law enforcement have g ot to make use of critical thinking to establish if a law has been infringed, how to act in response, and when to construct an arrest (Ozyasar, n.d.). Good results are inclined to take place concerning critical thinking when contracting with ethics and professional behaviors. When Law enforcement officers do not succeed to think critically they are inclined to react excessively and act in response in an insistent manner or too speedily devoid of thinking regarding the likely outcomes of their actions. Courts depend on the means how officers carry out themselves in the field by means of their skills of critical thinking to assist them in the avoidance of criminals getting off since their rights were infringed in a few way. The administration of court system scrutinizes several information and has got to initially think critically prior to formulating a decision. Courts have got to consider all the facts and glance at all features of the case prior to they come to a decision, criti cal thinking skills approach into play since the court desire to make certain the facts presented are the facts of the truth. Critical thinking should approach first consecutively for the court system to take action fairly and in a proficient manner. The corrections and parole department rely on their critical thinking skills to help them in the assessment and evaluation of persons who they are in charge of supervising of their progress, and work that is carried out within the facility they function in. Parole and Corrections officers perceive risky situations on a daily basis the means that they contract with these circumstances need skills of critical thinking and sustain professional and ethical behavior whilst doing so. In the administration of criminal justice even though all have to agree on ethical and professional standards there are a few that might have discrepancies in professional and ethical standards on occasion ones beliefs have got to be place aside to construct t he right call. Even though it senses wrong when pursuing the law occasionally everybody has diverse ethics they have got to set aside their beliefs and construct the right decision in spite of their feelings in the circumstances. Agents of Law enforcement are position into circumstances that might need them to make use of their critical thinking skills in addition to ethical and professional standards when operational with others on an everyday basis. Law enforcement might require handling stressful situation and requiring them to employ their skills of ethical and professional subsequently they are capable to carry out their job as needed. I do believe that there is a requirement for additional training on skills of critical thinking, professional and ethical behaviors in law enforcement since they are countenanced with several difficult challenges whilst they are functioning. Law enforcement officers can be more prepared if they are trained in being competent to critically t hink regarding the circumstances and yet be professional and maintain their ethical standard whilst dealing with definite sorts of demanding situation. Ethical, Professional, and critical thinking is connected to the process of decision making that is exhibited by persons who are in a place of serving and safeguarding the communities similar to law enforcement. I propose a law enforcement employees training seminar not only for unethical behaviors or behaviors by individuals perceived in law enforcement other than also how the acts of law enforcement exhibit undesired professional and ethical behaviors on and off duty in the eyes of public. Law enforcement ethical training can help them to voluntarily familiar with an ethical dilemma or predicament, discover a variety of options to tackle the definite involved issue, construct a ethically and sane sound decision of which alternative to choose, take timely action founded on that choice, and acknowledge responsibility for the resul t (Gleason, 2006). Conducting the law enforcement agents seminar might assist them to better prepare to make use of critical thinking whilst in demanding situation, The seminar would assist to stress how significant critical thinking and maintaining calm in a demanding situation is whilst upholding ethical and professional standards. In addition teaching and Training law enforcement agents on how greatly authority they have and how to finely make use of it to assist individuals in need or in opposition to those who have infringed the law merely since with the present situation in the law enforcement officers have been observed using extreme force with suspects and sourcing injuries and also deaths. As well officer ethical training will help them to make the right decision and also they will learn how to critically think beneath demanding situation. An officer dealing with precise circumstances might require placing their personal opinions and feelings aside to carry out what is in t he finest interest of the person at the instance. I do suppose that an additional area of interests would be the ethical and professional treatment of co-workers in the labor force on how to appropriately treat others they effort with, with the respect they be worthy of even though there is pressure amid co-workers and the community. On and off duty officers of Law enforcement must act ethically and professional to serve everybody in the community. Law enforcement agents must exhibit role model behavior to the members in the community always. An additional region to be stressed in the ethical training seminar that officers should on no account accept bribes or gifts from it member and work for favors.. The seminar would as well stress how greatly honesty is to while serving in the community with trust of people and devoid of trust the community will not sustain the law enforcement department. Law enforcement efficiency relies upon community trust and respect (FDLE, n.d.). Poli ce officers are regarded to maintain a higher standard of behavior by society, since they are wardens of the trust of public and are given power to apply force and get rid of constitutional privileges when legally justified. They take an oath of office, are anticipated to obey with professional code of ethics, and are focus to a variety of rules, laws, and regulations (Gleason, 2006). The seminar training would be the majority useful for all officers of law enforcement. They must be present at the seminar training to learn how skills of critical thinking, ethical and professional standards are significant for those who operate in law enforcement. Maintaining Ethical and professional behaviors and Critical thinking are expected out of law enforcement since of the authority officers hold in the communities and to educate them how to lever demanding situation whilst still sustain professional, and ethical behaviors to assist maintaining the community feeling secure. References H. Ozyasar,(n.d.).Why is ethics important in criminal justice.Retrieved from https://www.ehow.com/about_6386561_ethics-important-criminal-justice_.html T. Gleason,(2006).Ethics training for police.Retrieved from https://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_archarticle_id=1054issue_id=112006 The University of Phoenix. (2015). Criminal Justice Administration Capstone. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix, 484 website. USLegal: Crime Control Model Law Legal Definition.(2001-2015). USLegal: Due Process Model Law Legal Definition.(2001-2015). Don’t waste time! 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The Dangers Of Being Homeless - 903 Words

Currently in Nevada, there has been a mass increase in the amount of homeless minors that roam the streets. Many of these minors are homeless due to the tragic event of losing their families or being rejected and abandoned by their loved ones. The problem with having minors on the streets is not only the reputation of this state, but mostly the future of these minors. Being homeless denies these minors sufficient amounts of resources for them to get further in life; without enough resources it causes the teens to do deviant acts such a committing robbery. In Clark County, there has been a vast increase in the number of homeless individuals. The number of homeless people has increased from 7,443 to 7,509 in the past year. (Amaro). Aside from just the increase of homeless adults, there has been an 8.5 percent increase of homeless minors in Clark County. (Amaro). According to the Las Vegas Sun, there are around 825 minors that are homeless. (Chen). These minors are usually unaccompanied and are caring for themselves. There are many factors that seem to contribute to the reason why there are homeless minors. One of the factors that contributes to the reason why there is homeless minors is that they are unable to find proper housing and always end up back in shelters. â€Å"The coalition’s website describes the chronically homeless as a small population that is ‘entrenched in the shelter system’. Episodic homeless are often younger individuals who find housing, but end up back inShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Homelessness Among Youth898 Words   |  4 PagesHomeless of adults, teenagers, and sometimes small children is something that is seen in bigger cities on a daily basis. Homeless teenagers is a growing issue and makes a person wonder what causes a teenager to become homeless? Teenagers are becoming increasingly homeless because of family situations that are out of control. From thirteen years old to seventeen years old they need to feel safe and secure in their homes. Par ents are there to help their children and protect them, but they don’t alwaysRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The Homeless888 Words   |  4 Pagesteenager has become homeless? Teenagers are becoming increasingly homeless because of family situations that are out of control. From thirteen years old to seventeen years old they must feel safe and secure at home. Parents are there to help their children and protect them, but they don’t always succeed. Teenagers are unaware of the options they have for getting out of a harmful situation, yet homelessness has its dangers too. There are several reasons a teen may choose to become homeless. According toRead MoreHomelessness Persuasive Speech1217 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion who reside in the slums, and 1.2 million of those people are children who live by peddling, or begging on the streets, (Castillo). 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People who once had a safe healthy place to call home are being forced into homelessness and are lacking the health care needed to ensure a happy healthy life. Something has to be done to assist homeless people in finding housing and healthcare they so desperately need. Although it is not possible to solve the homeless issues overnight, prevention strategies are a first step in providing for the health needs of homeless people. The prevention strategy that needs to be put into placeRead MoreEssay about Alone Without a Home: Homeless and Runaway Youth 1624 Words   |  7 PagesAlone Without a Home: Homeless Runaway Youths Across the country, there are children who leave home to avoid the dangers of home only to face the dangers of living on the streets. For some the urge to leave is short lived and they return home. For others it can be a lifetime of struggle as the situation they once thought was a good solution suddenly becomes a never ending nightmare as they fight to survive and face the harsh reality that they have no place to turn to. Homeless runaway youth areRead MoreWhy The Homeless Rates Are Going Up And The Loss Of Assistance For Homeless Person Or Families1266 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of homeless families†(Family Relations. 1995,44.13-18.) Homelessness is defined as a condition where people cannot live or afford regular, safe and secure homes, warm meals or to be fully clothed. It’s also defined differently in many countries or regions. It also includes that some homeless people shelter is a cardboard box, shelters that may or may not have room, the sides of the interstate as well as living in a junk yard car. My purpose is to study the reasons why the homeless rates areRead MoreHomelessness Is A Social Problem1459 Words   |  6 Pagesor with a companion of sorts, others are entire families lacking shelter, food, and basic everyday essentials more fortunate people take for granted. It is hard for anyone to believe that living on the streets could be a reality. The majority of homeless peo ple have been driven into their unfortunate situation by sudden, unplanned events. Contrary to the popular belief that homelessness stems from some sort of mental or physical incapacity; there are plenty of other reasons that individuals end upRead MoreHomeless Veterans Throughout The City Of Los Angeles1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe growing number of homeless veterans in the city of Los Angeles is growing out control, this issue is a social phenomenon that affects every city across the country; small or large. It is important to understand that consequently, one way or another, this issue affects not only the homeless veteran, the city, state and government, but every citizen within each city. Bring forth more attention to the fact that additional resources are required; resources such as prevention programs, services, educationRead MoreHomeless and Structural Violence1143 Words   |  5 PagesThe homeless and addicts have been stratified to the bottom of the social ladder. They a re thought to be deviants therefore as a society we are taught to ignore and despise them and disregard their needs. Bourgeois and Schonberg’s 10-year study, Righteous Dopefiend, follows the lives of heroin addicted homeless folk living on Edgewater Boulevard. The Edgewater homeless recognize that those with economic capital have a responsibility in caring for their needs thus they embrace their worthiness in

Organizational Behaviour Operations of Organization

Question: Describe about the Organizational Behaviour for Operations of Organization. Answer: Introduction The structure and operations of an organization can affect the behavior of employees within an organization. Thus, the study of organizational behaviors entails investigation on how the structure, individuals, and groups affect the human behavior in an organization. According to Argote and Ingram, (2014) creation and transfer of knowledge is a vital factor for establishing a competitive advantage in a firm. In this regard, the Big Energy case study outlines a retrenchment program for employees of XYZ Energy after complete integration of the two companies. Nonetheless, through organizational behavior we can be able to analyze the impact of the decision made by Big Energy on the employees that remain to facilitate the integration. Moreover, according to Singh and Srivastava, (2016) organizational behavior helps in analyzing job satisfaction, motivational impacts, emotions, psychology, attitude towards their job, the personality of employees. Thus, it is appropriate to understand the co ncepts of organizational behavior before making decisions that affect employees of an absorbed organization. The aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of the integration model utilized by Big Energy when it acquired XYZ Energy on the values, attitudes, and overall behavior of the individuals and groups of employees absorbed from XYZ Energy. Effects of the Absorption of XYZ Energy by Big Energy The global economy has changed the operations of many businesses in the current business environment. Although successful organization witnesses continuous success, they are often faced with continuous changes that are marked by changing tactics to respond to the changing economic conditions. Some organizations opt to merge or acquire other organization in the same industry like the case of XYZ Energy and Big Energy. Regardless of the strategy employed by the company, there are associated effects that come with the decision or strategy employed. In this case, the effects include loss of identity and status. However, these changes can have different effects on the level of employee engagement and behavior. This is because the organizational changes can result in changes in the expectation of the employees that can affect their careers. Moreover, organizational changes can have adverse effects on the business model, employees performance, and attitudes. Nonetheless, the effects of the integration model utilize by Big Energy is analyzed based on several factors that include; Sociology Analysis: According to Macionis (2007), sociology analysis is conducted to analyze and identify the behavior of the different groups that exist within an organization. In this case, both organizations had similar roles with different employees working on them. This similarity can result in confusion and retrenchment of employees. Psychological Analysis: According to Glaveanu (2008), psychological analysis helps in an analyzing the change in the behavior of an individual and its impact on employee performance during an absorption process. Moreover, this analysis can show the problems experienced by XYZ Energy employees due to changes in the working strategy of Big Energy. These changes can have adverse effects on the performance of employees and the organizational in general. Social psychological analysis: social psychological analysis portrays the positive and negative effects of organizational changes and culture integration. Ideally, when different groups of people with different working strategies working towards a common goal, they should have proper coordination and understanding among the employees. This is because if the coordination and understanding of employees are not good, this can have drastic effects on the performance of an organization. Having mentioned that is important to note that the goal of Big Energy after acquiring XYZ Energy should be managing the old and new employees since they both have the abilities to develop the organization and have a common goal. According to Hartnell, Ou, and Kinicki (2011), after absorption, an organization should strive to manage the diversity of employees that result from an acquisition by improving their work culture, organizational strategies, work model, and management systems to suit the perspective of both group employees. Moreover, according to Thompson and McHugh (2009), during an acquisition an organization is aware of the organizational behavior of the employees that is, employees behavior, thoughts, beliefs, working style among other factors. However, after an acquisition, an organization like Big Energy should conduct an analysis or study to ascertain the behavior, personality, thoughts, and beliefs of new employees expected to work with Big Energy. Nevertheless, Biswa s (2009) outlined that to maintain the status and position of a company in the market after an acquisition; the company should consider the ability, working style, and beliefs of both employees. This can enable the organization to understand the challenges and the positive attributes the employees can bring to the organization and create a positive working environment that can sustain the growth of the organization. Thus, Big Energy should be an analysis of the organizational behavior of XYZ Energy employees to ascertain their commitment and loyalty level and from this analysis; the company can be able to ascertain the attributes they see fit for Big Energy. Effects of Big Energy Model on the Attitude of XYZ Energy According to Ajzen (2011) to understand the effects of an integration model on the attitude of employees, a company must assign the roles and responsibility of different employees to ascertain the satisfaction level of the employees. Thus, Big Energy should assign the employees their duties and responsibility to ascertain their productivity and determine their job satisfaction level. Ideally, due to the shift of working environment from XYZ Energy to Big Energy, employees can experience environmental problems (Card and Giuliano, 2011). Thus, the organization should ascertain if the environmental problem affects the commitment of the employees and affect their job satisfaction level. Moreover, due to the diversity of employees working for the same goal or objective, the company should conduct a meeting to ascertain the problems facing the employees. Effects of Big Energy Integration Model on Employee Values Hoffman et al. (2011) stated that the effects on employees values could be assessed using the McGregor Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X outlines that the dissatisfaction level exists in employees and when provided a chance they can leave their job. Thus, Big Energy should utilize Theory X to ascertain the satisfaction level of employees. This is because the employees can be affected by the new environment and loss of fellow employees. On the other hand, Theory Y entails the commitment of employees to their job description and how they perform these duties. Moreover, the model utilized by Big Energy can result in loss of important and experienced employees, who cannot be replaced easily. This can result in loss of morale and job commitment for employees that the company intends to keep. Additionally, the model utilized by Big Energy can result to loss of vital employees that hold the organization together. This can result in the disruption of the organization culture that motivates and enhance the satisfaction level of employees. Thus, the model can result to employee demotivation due to loss of key employees. Nonetheless, this can result in a negative attitude towards the job as outlined by Theory X of McGregor. Moreover, according to Valle and Garcia (2006), it is important to set clear the values and beliefs of an organization before an acquisition process to focus a common goal in both employees of an acquisition. This can affect the performance of the employees because value changes can take a while to integrate into the employee's systems. According to Hargreaves (2011), organization culture is an important factor to consider during an acquisition. This is because different individuals have different abilities and expertise that can contribute to the development of the organization. However, the model utilized by Big Energy does not take into consideration the organizational culture and the abilities of the employees during the integration process. This is because the company laid off the employees without considering their abilities and how it can contribute to the development of the company. This can result to unprofessionalism in the retained employees since they might feel the company does not uphold professionalism and competitiveness. This is because the company did not assess the qualifications of their fellow employees before laying them off. Having mentioned that is important to note that the outlined methods of McGregor can help the company ascertain the thoughts, attitudes, and behavior of the individuals or groups of employees. According to Wolf (2009), after an acquisition there are management changes that face the human resource managers, these problems are termed as merger syndrome in which the change of management affects the values if the employees due to management change. However, the company can overcome the merger syndrome problem by conducting employee motivation programs like technical games or other forms of competition (Korzynski, 2013). Korzynski (2013) further states that the motivational activities can also help the company understand the qualitative behaviors of the employees. Moreover, to motivate the employees to work in a new environment due to acquisitions, the company must understand their qualitative behaviors (Eatough et al., 2011). Effects on Employee Behaviour The absorption of XYZ Energy by Big Energy can result in changes in the behavior of employees due to changes in management, changes in organization culture, loss of a fellow employee, and change in working environment among other factors. Moreover, organizational changes can result in changes in the attitude of employees towards the company that can de-motivate the employees. According to Kehoe and Wright (2013), after an acquisition, the cultural and behavioral values of both companies are combined to strengthen the ability of the company in achieving its goals. However, this move can result in negative effects on the behavior of the employees because of value and culture changes. In addition to this, the model utilized by Big Energy can result in even drastic effects because of the loss of fellow employees and friends. Furthermore, the model utilized by Big Energy does not take into consideration the values and culture of XYZ Energy, which can result in negative effects on the empl oyees absorbed by the company. Additionally, the model utilized by Big Energy can result in communication barriers within the organization because of the new environment, which can lead to demotivation and behavior changes in the organization. Ideally, demotivation can result to absenteeism of employees due to various reasons outlined by McGregors Theory X. However, conducting an organizational behavior study can help a company understand the interpersonal behavior of the employees that can help in the integration process of the employee and help in the motivation of the employees (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). Nonetheless, Big Energy has employees from with different personality, attitude, and cultural difference. Thus, understand the interpersonal relationship can help in motivating the employees and maintaining good behaviors in the employees. Recommendations The main aim of an integration model is to find best approach and strategy that gives a company a competitive advantage over its competitors in the market. Moreover, a company should employ an integration model that best suits the needs of the company. From the above discussion, it is evident that the model employed by Big Energy is not effective in maintaining the productivity and motivation of the new employees and old employees in the company. Furthermore, the model is not effective in achieving the long-term competitive in the market because the company did not evaluate the organization behavior that would enable them to recruit the best and competent employees to deliver the objectives of the company. In this regard, there are various models that Big Energy could have used to achieve its long-term goals. Collegial Model: This model focus on the teamwork of the Thus it could have enabled the company to integrate the best employees from both companies. According to Suppiah and Singh Sandhu, (2011) and OShaughnessy (2013), this model can enable the company to coordinate a good team that can achieve the goals of the company. Autocratic Model: This model focus on the roles and responsibilities of the employees and their expertise. Miner (2007) states that the model can enable the company to recruit employees based on their expertise towards achieving the goals of the organization. References Argote, L. and Ingram, P. (2014). Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(2), pp.150-169. Chiang, C. F., and Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), 180-190. Eatough, E. M., Chang, C. H., Miloslavic, S. A., and Johnson, R. E. (2011). Relationships of role stressors with organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(3), 619 Gl?veanu, V. (2008). Research Methods in Social Psychology: A Comparative Analysis. EuropesJournal of Psychology, 4(1). Hargreaves, T. (2011). Practice-ing behavior change: Applying social practice theory to pro-environmental behavior change.Journal of Consumer Culture,11(1), 79-99. Hoffman, B. J., Bynum, B. H., Piccolo, R. F., and Sutton, A. W. (2011). Person-organization value congruence: How transformational leaders influence work group effectiveness.Academy of Management Journal,54(4), 779-796. Kehoe, R. R., and Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of Management,39(2), 366-391. Korzynski, P. (2013). Employee motivation in new working environment. International Journal of Academic Research, 5(5), pp.184-188. Macionis, J. (2007).Sociology.Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Miner, J. (2007).Organizational behavior4. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Singh, U. and Srivastava, K. (2016). Organizational Trust and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Global Business Review, 17(3), pp.594-609. Suppiah, V., and Singh Sandhu, M. (2011). Organizational culture is influence on tacit knowledge-sharing behavior.Journal of knowledge management,15(3), 462-477. Thompson, P., and McHugh, D. (2009).Work organizations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Valle Santos, M. and Teresa Garcia, M. (2006). Organizational change: The role of managers mental models.Journal of Change Management, 6(3), pp.305-320. Wolf, W. (2009). Book Review: Human Resources, Personnel, and Organizational Behavior: Encyclopedia of Organizational Change Methods. ILR Review, 42(4), pp.308-309.

Organizational Behavior Mid Term Essay Example

Organizational Behavior Mid Term Essay ASSIGNMENT FRONT COVER | | | |Module name: Class # 790 – Organizational Behavior | |Assignment title: Midterm Exam | |Assignment deadline: November 12th 2012 | |Effective number of words used: 1471 | | Table of Contents Question 1: Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations – discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Question 2: Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive – discuss how you can personally reduce prejudice in your workplace – please provide an example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 References and Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Question 1: Understanding Human Behavior is critic al to organizations – discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today In today’s ever changing environment, organizations need to continuously adapt and transform, not only in order to succeed but even just to survive. While it takes a capable manager to efficiently run a business in steady-state, it takes a leader to successfully drive an organization through change (Kotter in Robbins and Judge, 2009: 385). Dealing with technology, economic and legislation changes isn’t new for organizations. The speed of change has however substantially increased in the last few decades as has the disruptive nature of these changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior Mid Term specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior Mid Term specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior Mid Term specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Leaders today are faced with challenges such as globalization and instant communication that were not present until recently. The words and actions of leaders are broadcasted across the globe within seconds and are heard and seen by individuals who will perceive and interpret them through the filter of their own values, assumptions, beliefs and expectations. In this accelerated environment, effective leaders need to be able to swiftly read trends and anticipate change, adapt to new situations, fine-tune their actions and continuously inspire others towards the pursuit of a compelling vision. In order to do so, they need to be perceptive of the environment around them and detect when discrepancies between their assumptions and reality arise (Clawson, 2001: 14). An example of business failure due to the mismatch between leader’s assumptions and environmental reality is Polaroid. When in 1977 Polaroid launched its instant-video product Polavision (an innovative instant movie camera that used an additive process to generate color), it experienced the first of several product failures that eventually forced the company into bankruptcy. The mistake that Polaroid’s Leader Edwin H. Land made was to assume that the market-follows-technology approach that had been successful for the previous 40 years was unchangeably valid (Lefler, 2010), despite the skepticism expressed by many within the company. Simpler and cheaper videocassette based alternatives were released at the same time by Kodak and other competitors. These â€Å"non-instant† products responded to markets’ trends better than Polaroid’s ground breaking instant-video solution, condemning Polavision to irrelevance and Polaroid to massive losses (Giambarba, 1977). I think Polavision is the story of a self awareness lacking leader, failing to identify his blind spots and driving the organization to failure. In my opinion Mr. Land failed to question his assumption in a changing marketplace and to openly listen to others, consequently ignoring precious feedback. Had Mr. Land listened to the concerns expressed by others around him, including Polaroid’s president Bill McCune, things could have possibly gone differently. Self evaluation is what allows individuals to identify those blind spots and weaknesses and to put measures in place to compensate them (Musselwhite, C. 2007). Through self evaluation, self awareness is achieved. The benefits of self evaluation and self awareness for a leader in today’s organizations are significant. By understanding your strengths, efforts can be focused on them, hence developing a greater potential for success (Roberts at all, 2005: 1). By recognizing your weaknesses you are in a better position to a ccept them and deal with them effectively. In the case of Polavision, Mr Land’s product and technology strengths were overshadowed by his marketing weakness. For his leadership to be effective, Mr. Land should have commissioned a market research to validate his assumption that the public was ready and willing to consume the product he was developing. Self awareness is the basis of self management and social awareness (Goleman, 2000; 80). The ability to read and manage your emotions, reactions and feelings, helps seeing yourself and the world under a different light. This in turns enables you to shift your point of view and identify opportunities and solutions that were otherwise impossible to imagine (Covey, 1989: 86). In the case of Polaroid a more socially aware Mr. Land would have valued the input of the Polavision skeptics and maybe redirected his creativity towards developing a product more in line with current market trends. Moreover, acknowledging your limits and not hiding them induces trust. You are perceived as human and people relate to you better. When trusted, you become a more effective leader as people feel safe when they follow your direction. Your behavior remains consistent in different situations and the influence of the environment on your actions is weakened. You develop charisma. You become authentic (George, B. et all, 2007: 7). Self evaluation implies asking for feedback and actively listening to what you hear. As you learn from asking questions, people around you also feel more comfortable doing so. This ignites a virtuous learning circle that drives personal growth. The biggest asset of organizations is their human capital. An engaged, motivated and virtuous human capital is the engine behind organizations’ success. In particular, by developing an environment where it is OK to ask questions, to challenge status-quo, to try new things and to make mistakes, innovation forces are unleashed (Musselwhite, C. , 2007). Conclusion Self Evaluation develops self awareness. Self awareness promotes personal growth and enables behaviors that are associated with charismatic leadership. Charisma is what inspires others to follow the leader. They trust her, share her vision and feel empowered and motivated to work towards a common goal. Charisma is a crucial element of effective leadership, but it is often not sufficient to drive organizations, particularly large ones, to sustainable success (Nadler and Tushman, 1990: 85). Self awareness developed through self evaluation, allows a leader to also understand and address this. By recognizing her limits, a self aware leader will develop an organizational structure that complements her strengths and, through alignment, effectively works towards the set vision. The most prominent benefits of self assessment for leaders today in my opinion are therefore the enablement of charismatic and institutional leadership, both of which are necessary to effectively guide an organization. Question 2: Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive – discuss how you can personally reduce prejudice in your workplace – please provide an example Prejudice (prior judgment[1]) implies forming an opinion about the personality traits, expected behavior, skills and capability of a person, without that opinion being backed by empirical evidence. These pre-formed opinions are often very strong, deriving from values and beliefs that are deeply embedded in our psyche. As such they are hard to remove. We may even unconsciously reject evidence negating the pre-judgment in a self affirming effort to confirm our assumptions. The end result is a diminished ability to appreciate the full range of qualities and the potential of the impacted individual. Prejudice and the corresponding discriminatory behavior, including institutional prejudice, are major issues for organizations today. Increasing cultural diversity in the workforce and the global reach of markets require organizations to actively strive for integration rather than assimilation or differentiation (Thomas Ely, 1996: 1). In my opinion, the onus of promoting an effort in that direction lies mostly on managers. As a manager I have a moral and professional duty to address prejudice in my organization and I have taken specific steps in that sense. I started with doing introspection to identify my own prejudices. I focused on my upbringing: who were the most influential figures in my childhood? What messaging did I receive from them and from the environment around me? What stereotypes derived from this? Being of white, catholic and Italian origin, I could immediately identify how anything outside of that archetype, was subject to some degree of prejudice, even if involuntarily. The good news is that â€Å"Prejudice is externally sourced† and â€Å"since it s learned, it can be unlearned† (Clawson, J. G. Smith, B. , 1990: 5-6). I then realized that most likely everyone in my work environment have similar preconceptions. For example, some people talk to me with the typical Italian-American mafia accent from The Sopranos[2] probably thinking it is hilarious. It doesn’t bother me, but I can definitely see how it could be bothersome to other Italians. I made treasure of these realizations and determined that these are ignorance-based preconceptions that can be resolved by increasing inter-cultural knowledge. I therefore resolved to take steps to encourage people from different backgrounds and cultures to interact with each other. For example, recently I included two international team members (Bryan the reporting manager who is Chinese and Manish the systems analyst who is Indian) in a 4 person project team based in the US Midwest, dealing with the integration of systems and processes from our Company’s latest acquisition. I personally facilitated the first few meetings and encouraged open participation by listening to and publicly valuing everyone’s contribution. I then assigned tasks in a way that required interaction and cooperation. The effort paid off and the team succeeded. The system and process integration was completed in record time, with wide consensus and to the smallest details. References and Bibliography Books Robbins, S. P. Judge, T. A. (2009). Organizational Behavior. 13th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Covey, S. R. (1989). The 7 habits of highly effective people. USA: Free Press. Internet Resources Lefler, P. (2010). Polavision Polaroids disruptive innovation failure. [Webpage] Available from: http://www. spruancegroup. com/blog/bid/32860/Polavision-Polaroid-s-disruptive-innovation-failure [Accessed on Wednesday, November 7th 2012]. Giambarba, P. (1977). [Webpage] Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Polavision [Accessed on Wednesday, November 7th 2012]. Musselwhite, C. (2007). Self Awareness and the Effective Leader. [Webpage] Available from: http://www. inc. com/resources/leadership/articles/20071001/musselwhite. html [Accessed on Wednesday, November 7th 2012]. The Online Etymology Dictionary, word search: prejudice. [Webpage] Available from: http://www. etymonline. com/index. php? term=prejudice [Accessed on Thursday, November 8th 2012]. Wikipedia, word search: the sopranos. [Webpage] Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Sopranos [Accessed on Friday, November 9th 2012]. Journal Articles and Written Course Material Roberts, L. M. , Spreitzer, G. , Dutton, J. , Quinn, R. , Heaphy, E. , and Barker, B. (2005), â€Å"How to Play to Your Strenghts†, Harvard Business Review, January 2005. Goleman, D, (2000), â€Å"Leadership that gets results†, Harvard Business Review, March-April 2000. Clawson, J. G. 2001) UVA-OB-0652 Leadership and Intelligence, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Darden School Foundation. George, B. , Sims, P. , McLean, A. N. , and Mayer, D. (2007), â€Å"Discovering Your Authentic Leadership†, Harvard Business Review, February 2007. Nadler, D. A. , Tushman, M. L. , (1990) CMR-024 Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change, Calif ornia Management Review, Harvard Business School Publishing. Clawson, J. G. Smith, B. (1990) UVA-OB-0381 Prejudice in Organizations, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Darden School Foundation. Thomas, D. A. Ely, R. J. (1996), â€Å"Making Differences Matter†, Harvard Business Review, September-October 1996. [1] See the â€Å"Online Etymology Dictionary† (http://www. etymonline. com/index. php? term=prejudice) [2] From Wikipedia (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Sopranos): The Sopranos is an American television drama created by David Chase that revolves around the New Jersey-based Italian-American mobster Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini) and the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the conflicting requirements of his home life and the criminal organization he heads.